What are the functions of rosemary extract in feed?
Under the intensive high-density and rapid breeding model, bacterial resistance, drug residues and ecological environment damage caused by the abuse of feed antibiotics have become major issues that restrict the healthy development of the breeding industry. The abuse of feed antibiotics is gradually being valued by society and Take effective measures to contain it.
Since Sweden first announced a comprehensive ban on the use of antibiotics in feed additives in 1986, the European Union, Japan, South Korea, the United States and other countries or regions have successively implemented bans on antibiotics in feed. Starting from July 1, 2020, my country will fully implement the ban on antibiotics in feed. Therefore, there is an increasingly urgent need to develop antibiotic-free feed additives with small adverse reactions, significant curative effects, and a combination of pharmaceutical and nutritional properties. Plant-derived feed additives have become a hot topic in the research of new antibiotic-free feeds due to their advantages such as green safety, low drug resistance and easy degradation.
Plant extracts have the advantages of antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, improving digestive physiology, promoting growth, enhancing immunity, regulating intestinal microorganisms, and improving meat quality. Plant extracts have a wider safety range than antibiotics. Long-term use in livestock and poultry breeding production is less likely to produce toxic side effects, has no drug resistance, and has no withdrawal period. It is safe, and does not pollute the environment in livestock and poultry excreta and does not harm human health. It has great potential as a substitute for antibiotics [1-2] .
Wans Chemicals are supplying rosemary extract product which with a feed production license. Its rosemary extract mainly includes 5%-95% carnosic acid (CA), 4%-90% rosmarinic acid (RA) and Rosemary essential oil. Rosemary extract has many important physiological functions such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory . It is used as an additive in livestock and poultry production. It can effectively improve the oxidative damage caused by various stresses in the animal body. It has natural and non-toxic properties. It has the characteristics of pollution-free and no residue, which is in line with the concept of "green breeding" [3-4] .
Rosemary extract
Application of rosemary extract in poultry breeding
Liu Yanan et al. [5] have shown that rosemary extract can increase the daily weight gain of Jinghai yellow chickens, reduce the feed-to-weight ratio, and significantly improve their growth performance, especially at 0-4 weeks of age. Adding 200 mg/kg (0.02%) CA to the diet (Test Group 6) significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity of serum; adding 200 mg/kg (0.02%) CA+RA to the diet (Test Group 9), Serum malondialdehyde levels were significantly reduced.
Liu Dalin et al . [6] have shown that adding 150 mg/kg (0.015%) rosemary essential oil to the diet can improve the meat quality and antioxidant capacity of Jinghai yellow chickens, increase the meat color, and reduce the water loss rate, shear The activity of serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) increased, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) gradually decreased.
Research by Wang Xianze et al. [7] showed that adding 100 mg/kg (0.01%) CA+RA to the diet can maintain better production performance of East Zhejiang white geese, increase average daily gain (ADG), and reduce feed-to-weight ratio (F/ G).
Application of rosemary extract in livestock breeding
Lei Mingkang et al . [8] have shown that adding 500 mg/kg (0.05%) RA to the diet can significantly reduce the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets and alleviate ETEC K88 challenge (enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ETEC K88 can release enterotoxin, causing Intestinal microecological imbalance (one of the important causes of diarrhea in piglets) causes colon inflammatory reaction, which reduces the content of inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α in the colon mucosa of piglets and increases the content of IL-10.
Ma Hong et al . [9] have shown that adding 300 mg/kg of coated rosemary essential oil to the diet can significantly reduce the feed conversion efficiency FCR and reduce the diarrhea rate; it can significantly increase superoxide dismutase SOD and glutathione peroxide. Enzyme GSH-Px, improves serum antioxidant capacity.
Application of rosemary extract in aquaculture
Research by Hernández et al . [10] showed that adding 600 mg/kg (0.06%) CA to the diet had no effect on fish food intake, but liver steatosis was significantly reduced, and it could significantly reduce alanine aminotransferase in the liver of gilthead seabream ( ALT), may have hepatoprotective effects.
Table 4 Effects of different doses of rosemary extract on plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities
